Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?
Identifieur interne : 000108 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000107; suivant : 000109Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?
Auteurs : A P Britton [Canada] ; T. Redford [Canada] ; J J Bidulka [Canada] ; A P Scouras [Canada] ; K R Sojonky [Canada] ; E. Zabek [Canada] ; H. Schwantje [Canada] ; T. Joseph [Canada]Source :
- Transboundary and emerging diseases [ 1865-1682 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- isolement et purification : Leptospira interrogans, Salmonella, Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A.
- Animaux, Colombie-Britannique, Mephitidae, Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes, Zoonoses.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Leptospira interrogans, Salmonella.
- Animals, British Columbia, Disease Reservoirs, Mephitidae, Zoonoses.
Abstract
Wild animal reservoirs are an important source of emerging and zoonotic infection. Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are a reservoir of skunk strain rabies virus in Canada, with the exception of some areas including the province of British Columbia (BC). Beyond rabies, the reservoir status of skunks for emerging and zoonotic pathogens in BC is unknown. From March 2011 to February 2015, 50 free-ranging skunks were necropsied and tested for 4 pathogens: influenza A, Aleutian disease virus (ADV), Leptospira spp. and Salmonella spp. Two skunks (4%) with respiratory disease caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were detected during the human flu season suggesting that skunks may represent a target population for reverse zoonosis of this strain of influenza A virus. High prevalence of ADV infection was detected (43/50, 86%). Two of the infected skunks exhibited Aleutian disease (AD) suggesting that skunks act as both a reservoir and a target population for the virus. Most studies of ADV have focused on the potential for infection of free-ranging species living near mink farms. Our study suggests that urban skunks may be a primary host for the virus independent of domestic mink. Whether skunks act as a reservoir of ADV infection for other peridomestic species will depend on host specificity of the viral strains. Leptospira interrogans was detected in 18% (9/49) of the skunks. Identification of the serovar(s) detected is needed to determine any public health risk of leptospirosis following exposure to infected skunks. Salmonella spp. was isolated from three of 43 skunks (7%), specifically S. Typhimurium, S. Muenchen and S. Enteritidis. These serotypes cause disease in humans, but the low prevalence of infection suggests there is a low risk for zoonotic transmission.
DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12426
PubMed: 26392297
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?</title><author><name sortKey="Britton, A P" sort="Britton, A P" uniqKey="Britton A" first="A P" last="Britton">A P Britton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Redford, T" sort="Redford, T" uniqKey="Redford T" first="T" last="Redford">T. Redford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bidulka, J J" sort="Bidulka, J J" uniqKey="Bidulka J" first="J J" last="Bidulka">J J Bidulka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scouras, A P" sort="Scouras, A P" uniqKey="Scouras A" first="A P" last="Scouras">A P Scouras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sojonky, K R" sort="Sojonky, K R" uniqKey="Sojonky K" first="K R" last="Sojonky">K R Sojonky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zabek, E" sort="Zabek, E" uniqKey="Zabek E" first="E" last="Zabek">E. Zabek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwantje, H" sort="Schwantje, H" uniqKey="Schwantje H" first="H" last="Schwantje">H. Schwantje</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources, Nanaimo, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, T" sort="Joseph, T" uniqKey="Joseph T" first="T" last="Joseph">T. Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:26392297</idno><idno type="pmid">26392297</idno><idno type="doi">10.1111/tbed.12426</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000181</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000181</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?</title><author><name sortKey="Britton, A P" sort="Britton, A P" uniqKey="Britton A" first="A P" last="Britton">A P Britton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Redford, T" sort="Redford, T" uniqKey="Redford T" first="T" last="Redford">T. Redford</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SK</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bidulka, J J" sort="Bidulka, J J" uniqKey="Bidulka J" first="J J" last="Bidulka">J J Bidulka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Scouras, A P" sort="Scouras, A P" uniqKey="Scouras A" first="A P" last="Scouras">A P Scouras</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sojonky, K R" sort="Sojonky, K R" uniqKey="Sojonky K" first="K R" last="Sojonky">K R Sojonky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zabek, E" sort="Zabek, E" uniqKey="Zabek E" first="E" last="Zabek">E. Zabek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schwantje, H" sort="Schwantje, H" uniqKey="Schwantje H" first="H" last="Schwantje">H. Schwantje</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources, Nanaimo, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, T" sort="Joseph, T" uniqKey="Joseph T" first="T" last="Joseph">T. Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BC</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Transboundary and emerging diseases</title><idno type="eISSN">1865-1682</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>British Columbia</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Leptospira interrogans (isolation & purification)</term><term>Mephitidae</term><term>Salmonella (isolation & purification)</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Colombie-Britannique</term><term>Leptospira interrogans (isolement et purification)</term><term>Mephitidae</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term><term>Salmonella (isolement et purification)</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Leptospira interrogans</term><term>Salmonella</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Leptospira interrogans</term><term>Salmonella</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>British Columbia</term><term>Disease Reservoirs</term><term>Mephitidae</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Colombie-Britannique</term><term>Mephitidae</term><term>Réservoirs d'agents pathogènes</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Wild animal reservoirs are an important source of emerging and zoonotic infection. Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are a reservoir of skunk strain rabies virus in Canada, with the exception of some areas including the province of British Columbia (BC). Beyond rabies, the reservoir status of skunks for emerging and zoonotic pathogens in BC is unknown. From March 2011 to February 2015, 50 free-ranging skunks were necropsied and tested for 4 pathogens: influenza A, Aleutian disease virus (ADV), Leptospira spp. and Salmonella spp. Two skunks (4%) with respiratory disease caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were detected during the human flu season suggesting that skunks may represent a target population for reverse zoonosis of this strain of influenza A virus. High prevalence of ADV infection was detected (43/50, 86%). Two of the infected skunks exhibited Aleutian disease (AD) suggesting that skunks act as both a reservoir and a target population for the virus. Most studies of ADV have focused on the potential for infection of free-ranging species living near mink farms. Our study suggests that urban skunks may be a primary host for the virus independent of domestic mink. Whether skunks act as a reservoir of ADV infection for other peridomestic species will depend on host specificity of the viral strains. Leptospira interrogans was detected in 18% (9/49) of the skunks. Identification of the serovar(s) detected is needed to determine any public health risk of leptospirosis following exposure to infected skunks. Salmonella spp. was isolated from three of 43 skunks (7%), specifically S. Typhimurium, S. Muenchen and S. Enteritidis. These serotypes cause disease in humans, but the low prevalence of infection suggests there is a low risk for zoonotic transmission.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">26392297</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>09</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>02</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1865-1682</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>64</Volume><Issue>2</Issue><PubDate><Year>2017</Year><Month>Apr</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Transboundary and emerging diseases</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Transbound Emerg Dis</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>603-612</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/tbed.12426</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Wild animal reservoirs are an important source of emerging and zoonotic infection. Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are a reservoir of skunk strain rabies virus in Canada, with the exception of some areas including the province of British Columbia (BC). Beyond rabies, the reservoir status of skunks for emerging and zoonotic pathogens in BC is unknown. From March 2011 to February 2015, 50 free-ranging skunks were necropsied and tested for 4 pathogens: influenza A, Aleutian disease virus (ADV), Leptospira spp. and Salmonella spp. Two skunks (4%) with respiratory disease caused by influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 were detected during the human flu season suggesting that skunks may represent a target population for reverse zoonosis of this strain of influenza A virus. High prevalence of ADV infection was detected (43/50, 86%). Two of the infected skunks exhibited Aleutian disease (AD) suggesting that skunks act as both a reservoir and a target population for the virus. Most studies of ADV have focused on the potential for infection of free-ranging species living near mink farms. Our study suggests that urban skunks may be a primary host for the virus independent of domestic mink. Whether skunks act as a reservoir of ADV infection for other peridomestic species will depend on host specificity of the viral strains. Leptospira interrogans was detected in 18% (9/49) of the skunks. Identification of the serovar(s) detected is needed to determine any public health risk of leptospirosis following exposure to infected skunks. Salmonella spp. was isolated from three of 43 skunks (7%), specifically S. Typhimurium, S. Muenchen and S. Enteritidis. These serotypes cause disease in humans, but the low prevalence of infection suggests there is a low risk for zoonotic transmission.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2015 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Britton</LastName><ForeName>A P</ForeName><Initials>AP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Redford</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bidulka</LastName><ForeName>J J</ForeName><Initials>JJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Scouras</LastName><ForeName>A P</ForeName><Initials>AP</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sojonky</LastName><ForeName>K R</ForeName><Initials>KR</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zabek</LastName><ForeName>E</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwantje</LastName><ForeName>H</ForeName><Initials>H</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resources, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Joseph</LastName><ForeName>T</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, BC, Canada.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList CompleteYN="Y"><DataBank><DataBankName>GENBANK</DataBankName><AccessionNumberList><AccessionNumber>KT384176</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>KT384177</AccessionNumber><AccessionNumber>KT384178</AccessionNumber></AccessionNumberList></DataBank></DataBankList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2015</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>22</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Germany</Country><MedlineTA>Transbound Emerg Dis</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>101319538</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>1865-1674</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001955" MajorTopicYN="N">British Columbia</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004197" MajorTopicYN="Y">Disease Reservoirs</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007921" MajorTopicYN="N">Leptospira interrogans</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012889" MajorTopicYN="Y">Mephitidae</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D012475" MajorTopicYN="N">Salmonella</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015047" MajorTopicYN="N">Zoonoses</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Leptospira
</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Mephitis mephitis
</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Salmonella
</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Aleutian disease virus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">emerging infection</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">influenza A pandemic H1N1</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">zoonosis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2015</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>24</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>10</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2015</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26392297</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/tbed.12426</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li></country></list><tree><country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Britton, A P" sort="Britton, A P" uniqKey="Britton A" first="A P" last="Britton">A P Britton</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bidulka, J J" sort="Bidulka, J J" uniqKey="Bidulka J" first="J J" last="Bidulka">J J Bidulka</name><name sortKey="Joseph, T" sort="Joseph, T" uniqKey="Joseph T" first="T" last="Joseph">T. Joseph</name><name sortKey="Redford, T" sort="Redford, T" uniqKey="Redford T" first="T" last="Redford">T. Redford</name><name sortKey="Schwantje, H" sort="Schwantje, H" uniqKey="Schwantje H" first="H" last="Schwantje">H. Schwantje</name><name sortKey="Scouras, A P" sort="Scouras, A P" uniqKey="Scouras A" first="A P" last="Scouras">A P Scouras</name><name sortKey="Sojonky, K R" sort="Sojonky, K R" uniqKey="Sojonky K" first="K R" last="Sojonky">K R Sojonky</name><name sortKey="Zabek, E" sort="Zabek, E" uniqKey="Zabek E" first="E" last="Zabek">E. Zabek</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/GrippeCanadaV3/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000108 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000108 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= GrippeCanadaV3
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:26392297
|texte= Beyond Rabies: Are Free-Ranging Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in British Columbia Reservoirs of Emerging Infection?
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26392297" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a GrippeCanadaV3
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.35. |  |